Formaldehyde

Category: Preservative

Brief description: Formaldehyde is a preservative that was historically used in a wide range of cosmetic products.

Benefits: Very effective at preventing microbial growth.

Skin type suitability/concerns: Formaldehyde can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions. It has also been classified as a human carcinogen when inhaled.

Target audience: Was used in a wide range of products, including nail care, hair care, and skincare products.

Chemical composition: Simplest aldehyde (organic compound).

Physical aspect: Colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor.

Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients.

Concentration: In cosmetics, it was typically used in concentrations less than 0.2%.

Side effects/adverse reactions: Can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and has been linked to cancer when inhaled.

Regulatory status: Its use is restricted in cosmetics in many countries, including the EU and Canada.

Sustainability/ethical considerations: Primarily derived from methanol, a petroleum product, raising sustainability concerns.