Glycolic Acid

Category: Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA), Exfoliant

Brief description: Derived from sugar cane, it has the smallest molecules among the AHAs, enabling it to penetrate the skin deeply.

Benefits: It promotes exfoliation, which can reveal fresher, younger skin cells. It helps reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation.

Skin type suitability/concerns: Suitable for most skin types but can be irritating to sensitive skin. Not recommended for those with rosacea or severe inflammation.

Target audience: Individuals seeking anti-aging benefits, skin brightening, and improved texture.

Chemical composition: It's a hydroxyacetic acid with a hydroxyl group on the smallest carbon atom.

Physical aspect: It's a colorless, odorless crystal powder that is hygroscopic.

Compatibility: Compatible with many cosmetic ingredients, but pH adjustments may be necessary.

Concentration: Typically used at 3-10% in over-the-counter products, up to 20-70% in professional peels.

Side effects/adverse reactions: Can cause irritation, redness, and sun sensitivity. It's important to use sunscreen when using products with glycolic acid.

Regulatory status: Approved for use in cosmetics in many countries, but concentrations in products are often regulated.

Sustainability/ethical considerations: It's usually derived from sugar cane, a renewable resource.