Eye Serums

General Recipe:

1. Water (70-85%): This acts as a solvent and forms the majority of the serum.

2. Humectants (5-15%): Humectants, such as glycerin or hyaluronic acid, draw moisture into the skin, keeping the under-eye area hydrated.

3. Active Ingredients (3-10%): This may include anti-aging ingredients like peptides, or vitamins like vitamin C or E. Other potential actives could be caffeine for reducing puffiness, or retinol for reducing fine lines and wrinkles.

4. Emulsifiers/Solubilizers (1-5%): These are necessary if you're incorporating any oil-soluble ingredients into your serum. Examples could include Polysorbate 20 or lecithin.

5. Thickeners (0.1-1%): Ingredients like xanthan gum, carbomer, or hydroxyethyl cellulose could be used to slightly thicken the serum if desired.

6. Preservatives (0.5-2%): Preservatives, such as phenoxyethanol or ethylhexylglycerin, are necessary to prevent microbial growth and prolong the shelf life of the product.

7. Additional ingredients (0-5%): This category includes ingredients like fragrance, essential oils, or soothing agents like aloe vera extract or allantoin.

Serums are typically lighter and more potent than creams. They deliver a concentrated amount of active ingredients to target specific issues like wrinkles, puffiness, or dark circles.